Quantum computers have much more computing power than classical computers and this has created a challenge in the field of public-key cryptography algorithms, which is predicted quantum computers will reach the computational power to break existing public-key cryptography algorithms by 2030. To solve this problem, NIST published a call for post-quantum cryptography algorithms. Implementing these algorithms faces challenges such as execution time and resources. One of the algorithms that made it to the third round is the crystals-KYBER algorithm. In this algorithm, by optimizing the NTT module, the execution time is reduced. Usually, the implementation of NTT is created with radix-2, but in the proposed method, radix-4 is used, and this reduces the execution time. Changes to NTT are required to implement radix-4 NTT. DIT is used to implement NTT and DIF is used to implement INTT. In NTT and INTT formulas changes are made to the twiddle factors and the values of the twiddle factors stored to the ROM. In the following, we compared radix-4 butterfly unit with radix-2 butterfly unit. By reusing results in CT and GS butterfly units, we need four multiplications, additions, and subtractions, and the structure of radix-4 butterfly unit is mentioned. The memory unit uses eight RAMs to increase read and write speeds, four of which are for writing and the remaining four are for reading. It is also necessary to make corrections to the NTT parameters which are suitable for implementation on Kyber. Next, we implemented the proposed method on two FPGA Artix-7 and Virtex-7 using Vivado software. In the implementation on Artix-7 and Virtex-7 in exchange for a slight increase in the resources, the execution time in Artix-7 is reduced by 28. 74% and 12. 34% compared to similar implementations.

By means of ab-initio calculations on the basis of the FPLAPW method, we compared the energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) of carbon K edges in crystalline phenanthrene and its isomer, anthracene. In these two organic compounds, different non-equivalent carbon atoms can result in distinct K edge spectra due to the different carbon-carbon bond lengths, as a characteristic behavior of the molecular crystals. The smaller bond lengths push the ELNES features to the higher energies. In anthracene, the energy position of the edge-onset appears at lower energies due to its smaller electronic band gap. At the onset of the C K edge of anthracene, the strong splitting of the π * peak into two peaks is observable. Compared to the C K edge in anthracene, due to the slightly larger C– C bond length in phenanthrene, the peak position of the main σ structure has a red shift. The ELNES spectrum of crystalline phenanthrene includes electron transition of 1s carbon orbital to π * and σ * states. In anthracene, the first two intense features have contributions of π * orbitals. Consideration of the core-hole approximation by means of super-cells and the collection of semi-angles at magic value are essential to obtain reasonable ELNES spectra.

By using molecular farming, plants are used as a bio-reactor for producing low cost recombinant proteins. This technology had been successful in the production of primary products in the commercial field. Other recombinant products are in final steps of production. In the last 10 years, up to 100 different recombinant proteins are produced in transgenic plants. Plants have many advantages in comparison with other expression systems, especially in economic, safety, operations and production aspects. However, there are some problems for using plants as a bio-reactor with the goal of recombinant proteins production that should be considered. Some of these problems are: the quality of final product, extraction and the processing of plant derived pharmaceutical macromolecules and bio-safety. In this study, we will review the global view of molecular farming and some successful cases in Iran. During 8 years of research in the field of molecular farming in Iran, especially in Tarbiat Modarres University, different kinds of recombinant proteins such as VHH single domain antibody in tobacco and canola and tPA protein in tobacco were expressed. The human gamma interferon in canola and tobacco and also the luciferase enzyme in tobacco, African violet and canola were produced. Also, useful projects are executed in the field of transplastomic plants in order to express the mentioned genes in the chloroplast. In transferring the human pro-insulin gene to chloroplast genome, this gene was bombarded onto tobacco leaf ex-plants using a particle delivery system. Leaf ex-plants produced adventitious shoots when cultured on shoot-inducing medium containing spectinomycin. The results of peR confirmed that the pro-insulin gene was present in the chloroplast genome.

This study was conducted during summer and winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) and sustainable (Sust) (integrated between Conv and Org) and sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) and fallow (F- W). Yield quantity (yield and its component) and quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat and soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) and the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed yields were obtained in Conv and Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) yield of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hands the highest remobilization and current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W and conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic and sustainable agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost and vermicompost) and crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, sustainable agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.

Design of some crystal and quasicrystal networks, based on rhombellane tiling, is presented. [1, 1, 1]Propellane, is a synthesized organic molecule; its hydrogenated form, the bicyclo[1. 1. 1]pentane, may be represented by the complete bipartite graph K2, 3 which is the smallest rhombellane. Topology of translational and radial structures involving rhombellanes is described in terms of vertex symbol, connectivity sequence, ring sequence and map operations relating structures to their seeds. It is shown, by alternating sum of ranked substructures, that radial structures represent complex constructions of higher rank. Basic properties of rhombellanes, coloring included, are outlined.